With the development of sharing economy, there is an urgent need for highly trusted distributed transaction management; however, traditional centralized information systems are difficult to meet it. Blockchain technology provides a shared ledger mechanism, which laid foundation for building credible distributed transaction management service. As blockchain 2.0 platform supporting smart contract, Ethereum platform was used as the basic framework to deeply study the operation mechanism and implementation technology of the decentralized shared goods transaction service system based on blockchain technology. Decentralized item sharing transaction service system framework based on Ethereum was designed, and a transaction management process based on intelligent contract mechanism was proposed. The system implementation technology including user interface was described in detail, and the performance of the system in transaction processing was tested. The experimental results indicate that the Ethereum-based transaction management system can ensure the creditability of the data and has a high operational efficiency, with average transaction processing speed of 21.7 items/s, and indexed average query speed of 117.6 items/s.